Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetic Retinopathy is a diabetes-related eye condition where high blood sugar damages retinal blood vessels. Early stages may be symptom-free, but regular screening helps prevent vision loss.
5/5
Dr. Bhaskar Gupta
Consultant Ophthalmologist & Vitreo-Retinal Specialist
20+ years experience
Causes
Why it happens ?
- Primary Cause: Chronic high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) damages the delicate basement membrane of the retinal capillaries. This leads to “leaky” vessels that spill fluid and blood into the retina.
- Secondary/Contributing Factors: Poorly controlled blood pressure (hypertension), high cholesterol, and pregnancy can all significantly accelerate the damage to these vessels.
Incidence
It is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Roughly 1 in 3 people with diabetes will show signs of retinopathy.
Symptoms
Blurred or fluctuating vision
Often worse when blood sugar levels are unstable.
Dark or Empty Vision
Dark or empty areas in your field of vision.
Floaters or "cobwebs"
Caused by a vitreous hemorrhage (bleeding in the eye).
Treatment Options
Diabetic Retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that affects the blood vessels of the retina.
It often develops without early symptoms, making regular eye screening essential to prevent vision loss.
Intravitreal Injections
Anti-VEGF medications (e.g., Eylea, Vabysmo) are the gold standard for treating Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) by “drying” the swelling.
Laser Treatment (PRP)
Panretinal Photocoagulation is used in advanced cases to shrink abnormal new blood vessels.
Vitrectomy
This surgery is required for complications such as a Vitreous Hemorrhage that won’t clear or a Tractional Retinal Detachment where scar tissue pulls the retina away from its base.