Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is an age-related condition affecting the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision.
It can cause gradual or sudden loss of central vision, making reading and recognising faces difficult.

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Dr. Bhaskar Gupta

Consultant Ophthalmologist & Vitreo-Retinal Specialist

20+ years experience

Causes
Why it happens ?

  • Primary Cause: Cumulative oxidative stress and a breakdown in the “waste management” system of the retina, leading to deposits called drusen.

  • Secondary/Risk Factors:

    1. Genetics: Family history significantly increases risk.
    2. Smoking: This is the most significant modifiable risk factor, doubling the likelihood of AMD.
    3. Lifestyle: Obesity and high blood pressure contribute to progression.
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Incidence

The leading cause of vision loss in the developed world for those over 65.

Symptoms

1

Central Vision Loss and Distortion

Loss of the very center of your vision. Straight lines appearing wavy (in Wet AMD) or a gradual "smudge" in your central vision (in Dry AMD).

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of AMD. 

No surgery exists; management involves the AREDS2 vitamin protocol and strict smoking cessation.

Urgent and ongoing Anti-VEGF Injections are required to suppress the leaky blood vessels and prevent permanent central scarring.

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